Microsoft SQL Server 2016 Standard

Overview

Microsoft SQL Server 2016 Standard introduced a wave of security, analytics, and performance innovations that defined modern enterprise database expectations. As one of the most significant releases in SQL Server history, it brought Always Encrypted, real-time operational analytics, temporal tables, and row-level security to the Standard edition — features previously reserved for Enterprise. Always Encrypted is the standout security feature, enabling client-side encryption of sensitive data columns so that even database administrators cannot read plaintext values. Encryption keys are managed by the application, not the database engine, creating true separation of duties between data owners and database operators. This is essential for compliance with PCI DSS, HIPAA, and GDPR requirements where database administrators should not have access to sensitive customer data. Temporal tables (system-versioned tables) automatically maintain a complete history of every data change, with SQL Server managing the history table transparently. You can query data as it existed at any point in time using the AS OF clause — invaluable for auditing, regulatory compliance, point-in-time analysis, and recovering from accidental data modifications without restoring backups. Real-time operational analytics combines OLTP and analytical workloads on the same table by allowing nonclustered columnstore indexes on rowstore tables. This hybrid approach delivers orders-of-magnitude faster analytical queries (aggregations, scans, reports) while maintaining full OLTP performance for transactional operations — eliminating the need to maintain separate OLAP systems for many scenarios. Row-Level Security (RLS) enables fine-grained access control at the row level using inline table-valued functions. Different users querying the same table automatically see only the rows they are authorized to access, with the security policy enforced transparently by the database engine. Dynamic Data Masking complements RLS by obfuscating sensitive columns for unauthorized users while preserving full access for privileged accounts. Query Store captures query execution plans and runtime statistics over time, enabling DBAs to identify plan regressions and force specific execution plans. This is the single most valuable troubleshooting tool for query performance management, providing the historical context that was previously impossible to obtain. SQL Server 2016 Standard supports up to 128 GB RAM and 24 cores. Extended support continues through July 2026, with Extended Security Updates available through 2029 for organizations that need additional time to migrate.